{"schemaVersion":1,"generatedAt":"2026-07-20T09:39:07.064Z","asOf":"2026-07-20","license":"Compiled aggregate counts (facts) re-served by SeqDesk under each source's terms; CC-BY for UniProt & AlphaFold. See https://seqdesk.org/data for full source list & licensing. Provided as-is, no warranty.","categories":{"sequence-archives":"Sequence archives","structures-proteins":"Structures & proteins","datasets-dois":"Datasets, DOIs & repositories","omics-specialized":"Omics & specialized archives","standards-vocab":"Standards & vocabularies","fair-literature":"FAIR adoption & literature","earth-environment":"Earth & environment","physics-materials":"Physics, space & materials","chemistry-compounds":"Chemistry & compounds","biodiversity":"Biodiversity & specimens","clinical-biomed":"Clinical & biomedical","open-data":"Open data & repositories","metadata-completeness":"Metadata & completeness","sequencing-technology":"Sequencing technology"},"licensing":{"summary":"Figures here are compiled aggregate counts — single totals updated weekly from public archives and cached by SeqDesk. They are facts, not reproductions of the underlying records. Each carries its source and retrieval date and is provided “as is” with no warranty. SeqDesk is independent and not endorsed by any listed organization.","providers":[{"name":"NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine","scope":"SRA, GenBank, RefSeq, ClinVar, dbSNP, Taxonomy, NCBI Datasets, NCBI Virus, GEO","license":"US-gov public domain · no use/distribution restrictions","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/"},{"name":"EMBL-EBI","scope":"ENA, BioSamples, BioStudies/ArrayExpress, Europe PMC, MGnify, OLS/ENVO, ENA checklists","license":"EMBL-EBI Terms of Use · CC0-aligned","url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/about/terms-of-use/"},{"name":"UniProt Consortium","scope":"UniProtKB, Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL, InterPro, Pfam","license":"CC BY 4.0 (attribution required)","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"name":"RCSB PDB / wwPDB","scope":"released structures","license":"CC0 1.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"name":"AlphaFold DB (Google DeepMind / EMBL-EBI)","scope":"predicted structures","license":"CC BY 4.0 (attribution required)","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"name":"OpenAlex (OurResearch)","scope":"works, dataset works, FAIR-paper citations","license":"CC0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"name":"DataCite & Crossref","scope":"dataset DOIs, total DOIs","license":"CC0 (metadata)","url":"https://datacite.org/"},{"name":"Zenodo · OSF · Dryad · re3data","scope":"records, projects, datasets, repositories","license":"open terms · counts are facts","url":"https://zenodo.org/"},{"name":"bioRxiv/medRxiv · OBO Foundry · GSC MIxS","scope":"preprints, ontologies, MIxS terms","license":"open / CC","url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/"},{"name":"GBIF · OBIS · iNaturalist","scope":"biodiversity occurrences, datasets, observations","license":"CC0 / CC BY per record · counts are facts","url":"https://www.gbif.org/terms"},{"name":"NCBI PubChem · ClinicalTrials.gov (NLM)","scope":"compounds, substances, bioassays, registered trials & results","license":"US-gov public domain","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/"},{"name":"CDS Strasbourg · ESA Gaia · NASA/IPAC","scope":"SIMBAD, VizieR, Gaia DR3, Exoplanet Archive, EOSDIS CMR","license":"CC BY 4.0 / Gaia licence / US-gov open","url":"https://cds.unistra.fr/"},{"name":"CERN (Open Data · INSPIRE-HEP)","scope":"physics records & open datasets","license":"CC0 / open","url":"https://opendata.cern.ch/"},{"name":"Materials Project · OQMD · NOMAD","scope":"computational materials (OPTIMADE)","license":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://materialsproject.org/about/terms"},{"name":"PANGAEA · ESGF (WCRP CMIP6)","scope":"Earth & climate datasets","license":"CC BY (per dataset)","url":"https://www.pangaea.de/"},{"name":"EMBL-EBI ChEMBL · ChEBI · GWAS Catalog · ENCODE · NeuroMorpho.Org","scope":"chemistry, ontologies, associations, experiments, neuron morphologies","license":"CC BY / open","url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/about/terms-of-use/"},{"name":"Harvard Dataverse · figshare · data.europa.eu · World Bank","scope":"cross-domain datasets & development indicators","license":"open terms · counts are facts","url":"https://dataverse.harvard.edu/"},{"name":"NHGRI (National Human Genome Research Institute)","scope":"DNA sequencing cost data (cost per genome, cost per Mb)","license":"U.S. Government work / public domain (cite NHGRI)","url":"https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/DNA-Sequencing-Costs-Data"}]},"count":1,"metrics":[{"id":"human-genomes","label":"Human genomes sequenced","category":"sequence-archives","source":"SeqDesk estimate · Berkeley Genomics, UK Biobank, gnomAD, Stephens 2015","unit":"genomes (WGS)","tier":"flagship","flagship":true,"cadence":"curated","scale":"log","fetch":{"url":"","method":"GET","parse":{"type":"manual"},"auto":false,"appendPolicy":"manual"},"release":null,"series":[["2012-01-01",1092],["2015-01-01",250000],["2020-01-01",500000],["2025-01-01",2000000]],"note":"SeqDesk-curated LOWER BOUND of cumulative human whole-genome (WGS, ~30x) sequencing worldwide: about 2 million by 2025 (Berkeley Genomics, deliberately conservative); the true figure is likely 2-5 million by 2026 and ultimately unknowable because most clinical/biobank genomes never reach public archives. WGS only — excludes millions of exomes (WES) and ~50M consumer SNP arrays (not sequencing). Component cohorts (UK Biobank ~491k, All of Us ~415k, gnomAD, Genomics England 100k) must NOT be summed (severe double-counting). Context: Stephens et al. 2015 projected 100M-2B human genomes by 2025 and Birney 2017 projected >60M clinical genomes — both overshot the realized ~2M by 50-1000x, a caution against straight-line extrapolation of any curve on this page.","sources":[{"label":"Berkeley Genomics — “How many human genomes have been sequenced?” (~2M lower bound)","url":"https://berkeleygenomics.org/articles/How_many_human_genomes_have_been_sequenced.html"},{"label":"Stephens et al. 2015, PLOS Biology — Big Data: Astronomical or Genomical? (100M-2B by 2025 projection)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002195"},{"label":"UK Biobank WGS, Nature 2025 — 490,640 genomes at 32.5x","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08344-6"},{"label":"gnomAD v4 — 76,215 WGS + 730,947 WES","url":"https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/news/2023-11-gnomad-v4-0/"},{"label":"1000 Genomes Project Phase 1 — 1,092 genomes","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11632"}],"forecast":false,"events":[{"date":"2001-02-12","label":"HGP draft genome","detail":"The Human Genome Project published the first working draft of the human genome, announced February 12, 2001 in Nature and Science."},{"date":"2003-04-14","label":"HGP complete","detail":"The Human Genome Project declared the essentially complete reference human genome finished on April 14, 2003, two years ahead of schedule."},{"date":"2012-11-01","label":"1000 Genomes","detail":"The 1000 Genomes Project published an integrated map from 1,092 human genomes, vastly expanding the catalog of human genetic variation across populations."},{"date":"2018-12-05","label":"100k Genomes UK","detail":"Genomics England reached its goal of sequencing 100,000 whole genomes from NHS patients, marking the first national-scale clinical genomics program."},{"date":"2022-03-31","label":"T2T-CHM13","detail":"The Telomere-to-Telomere Consortium published the first truly complete, gapless human genome (T2T-CHM13), adding ~200 million bases over the prior reference."},{"date":"2023-11-30","label":"UK Biobank 500k","detail":"UK Biobank released whole-genome sequences for all 500,000 participants, then the world's largest single set of human sequencing data."}]}]}